Optical
Network Terminal (ONT): Located at the customer premises. The ONT receives
signals from the OLT and converts them (optical signals) into electrical
signals that the user's devices use to provide broadband access.
GPON process begins with the OLT transmitting optical signals
using wavelength division multiplexing. These signals are transmitted over
fiber optic cables, reaching distances of up to 20 kilometers. At the end of
this cable, passive splitters split the signal into multiple paths, allowing
connections to up to 64 different locations. This configuration allows many users
to access the network from a single point.
Finally, the signal reaches your home or business, where
devices convert the optical signal into an electrical signal for Internet and
other services. The process also works in reverse, sending data from these
locations back to the starting point.
Features of Gigabit Passive Optical Networks
Faster
speeds and higher reliability: GPON networks deliver superior
Internet speeds with downstream rates of up to 2.5 Gbps and upstream rates of
up to 1.25 Gbps. These networks are made more efficient by using passive
optical splitters, reducing the need for active components.
Active components such as amplifiers and repeaters are
electronic devices that require an external power source to operate and are
used in some network systems to boost signal strength. In contrast, GPON's
passive design minimizes the use of such equipment, reducing maintenance costs
and improving reliability.
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